KARABAKH is a region of Azerbaijan which has been under the occupation of Armenia since the war broke out between the two states in 1988-1994. Around 30,000 people have been killed and one million Azerbaijanis have become refugees in their own homeland. Today the negotiations are being held, albeit with no result. We hope that soon all occupied territories will be freed from the Armenian occupation and wait eagerly for the day when the refugees will return to their homeland who now live in miserable conditions, in wagons and camps.
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Garry Kimovich Kasparov
(1963- )
Chess player and world chess champion of Jewish-Armenian descent, who competes for Russia. At the age of 22 he became the youngest world chess champion in history. Born Garri Weinstein in Baku, Azerbaijan, he learned chess from his father, who died when Garri was seven years old. He subsequently adopted his mother's maiden name (Russian adaptation of the Armenian "Kasparian"). At the age of 12 Kasparov won the Azerbaijan championship and the USSR junior championship, and at the age of 16 he won the world junior championship. In 1980, at the age of 17, "Garik," as he was known in the USSR earned the International Grandmaster title. Two years later Kasparov became a candidate for the world championship, and in 1984 he earned the right to challenge the world champion, Russian Anatoly Karpov. Their first match was stopped, after it had lasted six months without a deciding result. In 1985 Kasparov won a match against Karpov and became the world champion. He defended his title by beating Karpov in 1986, then tied a match with him in 1987 (a champion keeps the title if the match ends in a tie). Kasparov beat Karpov again in 1990 and retained his championship.
When Karpov failed to qualify to challenge Kasparov for the world championship in 1993, Kasparov and British challenger Nigel Short broke away from the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE). The two grandmasters held their 1993 championship match under the governance of the Professional Chess Association (PCA). Spurned by Kasparov, the FIDE sanctioned a championship match between Karpov and Dutch grandmaster Jan Timman. Kasparov and Karpov won their respective matches, and both claimed the title of world champion. In 1995 Kasparov retained his PCA title by defeating Indian challenger Viswanathan Anand.
KasparovIn 1996 Kasparov competed against an IBM computer named Deep Blue, the first time a world champion had competed against a computer under standard match conditions. Deep Blue was capable of processing millions of chess positions per second. Applying this massive computational power, a technique of artificial intelligence known as brute force, Deep Blue won the first game of the match to become the first computer to defeat a world champion under regulation time controls. Kasparov subsequently defeated Deep Blue by a score of 4 games to 2 to win the match. A year later, however, Kasparov accepted a rematch against an enhanced version of Deep Blue, capable of processing 200 million chess positions per second. Although Kasparov won the first game, he was defeated in the six-game series 3.5 games to 2.5 games. It was the first time an international grand master lost a series to a computer.
Chess player and world chess champion of Jewish-Armenian descent, who competes for Russia. At the age of 22 he became the youngest world chess champion in history. Born Garri Weinstein in Baku, Azerbaijan, he learned chess from his father, who died when Garri was seven years old. He subsequently adopted his mother's maiden name (Russian adaptation of the Armenian "Kasparian"). At the age of 12 Kasparov won the Azerbaijan championship and the USSR junior championship, and at the age of 16 he won the world junior championship. In 1980, at the age of 17, "Garik," as he was known in the USSR earned the International Grandmaster title. Two years later Kasparov became a candidate for the world championship, and in 1984 he earned the right to challenge the world champion, Russian Anatoly Karpov. Their first match was stopped, after it had lasted six months without a deciding result. In 1985 Kasparov won a match against Karpov and became the world champion. He defended his title by beating Karpov in 1986, then tied a match with him in 1987 (a champion keeps the title if the match ends in a tie). Kasparov beat Karpov again in 1990 and retained his championship.
When Karpov failed to qualify to challenge Kasparov for the world championship in 1993, Kasparov and British challenger Nigel Short broke away from the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE). The two grandmasters held their 1993 championship match under the governance of the Professional Chess Association (PCA). Spurned by Kasparov, the FIDE sanctioned a championship match between Karpov and Dutch grandmaster Jan Timman. Kasparov and Karpov won their respective matches, and both claimed the title of world champion. In 1995 Kasparov retained his PCA title by defeating Indian challenger Viswanathan Anand.
KasparovIn 1996 Kasparov competed against an IBM computer named Deep Blue, the first time a world champion had competed against a computer under standard match conditions. Deep Blue was capable of processing millions of chess positions per second. Applying this massive computational power, a technique of artificial intelligence known as brute force, Deep Blue won the first game of the match to become the first computer to defeat a world champion under regulation time controls. Kasparov subsequently defeated Deep Blue by a score of 4 games to 2 to win the match. A year later, however, Kasparov accepted a rematch against an enhanced version of Deep Blue, capable of processing 200 million chess positions per second. Although Kasparov won the first game, he was defeated in the six-game series 3.5 games to 2.5 games. It was the first time an international grand master lost a series to a computer.
